PRODUCTION

1. What are the stages involved in producing in a film- what do they include from the early idea to the final edit when the film is ready to be sold to cinemas and promoted to the public?

Pre- Production: This is the stage in which all the planning for the project takes place. During pre-production, the production is broken down into individual scenes and all the locations, props, cast members, costumes, special effects and visual effects are identified. The script, if not already complete, is written at this stage. A detailed schedule is produced and arrangements are made for the necessary elements or people to be available to the film-makers at the appropriate times.

Production: This is the stage at which all the filming is carried out. All scenes planned out in pre-production are filmed at the relevant locations. Each scene is filmed as many times as the director deems fit, to ensure the best quality scenes will be used to construct the film. This is where the strength of the pre-production work is put to the test. Great care must be taken to make sure that all the filming is done correctly and all necessary shots are taken, as it is sometimes difficult or impossible to go back and repeat certain events if the filming is incomplete when it comes to the post-production stage.

Post- Production: This is the stage in which the film is assembled by the editor. The first job of the film editor is to build a rough cut taken from sequences (or scenes) based on individual "takes" (shots). The purpose of the rough cut is to select and order the best shots. The next step is to create a fine cut by getting all the shots to flow smoothly in a seamless story. Trimming - the process of shortening scenes by a few minutes, seconds, or even frames - is done during this phase. As well as the editing of footage, all music, graphics, menus etc are added in this stage. After the fine cut has been screened and approved by the director and producer, the picture is "locked," meaning no further changes are made.

2. Who are  the main producers of the film in America?

MICHAEL MANN

He directed his first film, the award-winning prison drama The Jericho Mile, in 1979. He followed that in 1981 with his first theatrical release, Thief 













STEVEN SPIELBERG

Undoubtedly one of the most influential film personalities in the history of film, Steven Spielberg is perhaps Hollywood's best known director and one of the wealthiest filmmakers in the world. 

JERRY BRUCKHEIMER

Jerry Bruckheimer is an excellent film producer and has produced excellent, awesome and amazing films such as Beverly Hills Cop, Beverly Hills Cop 2, Top Gun, Days of Thunder, Con Air, Bad Boys, Bad Boys 2, Gone in 60 Seconds and Enemy of The State.

Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenburg and David Geffen established Dreamworks in 1994. Though not a full-service studio, Dreamworks arranges for the production and financing of movies.

MGM has downgraded itself from being a major studio into a minor media company that distributes films and television content. It fully owns United Artists after it bought out the shares of Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner. It still owns the rights to the franchise of the James Bond movies. 

Viacom is the conglomerate behind the Paramount Motion Pictures Group. Its major studio subsidiary is Paramount Pictures, while art house movies are released under the name of Paramount Vantage. 

3. What is independent production?

An independent film is a professional film production resulting in a feature film that is produced mostly or completely outside of the major film studio system. In addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment companies, independent films are also produced and/or distributed by subsidiaries of major film studios.

Independent films are sometimes distinguishable by their content and style and the way in which the filmmakers' personal artistic vision is realized. Usually, but not always, independent films are made with considerably lower film budgets than major studio films